Human parasites are parasites, whose infection is subject to a person. The general definition of the word "parasite" applies not only to multicellular and protozoa, which lives at the expense of their owner and at the expense of the latter, but also viruses, bacteria and mushrooms with similar qualities. According to historical tradition and from the point of view of medical parasitology, it is customary to call any creature that guides a parasitic lifestyle, with the exception of viruses and bacteria with similar qualities.
Parasites include many helminths, mushrooms, viruses, protozoa, worms, crustaceans, spider -shaped, insects. Parasites owners can be bacteria, simpler, plants, animals and humans. Parasites undergo a complex development cycle: sometimes they need a change of 2-3 owners whose body is intermediate (the helminths exceed the larval phases) or finals (the helminths become invasive).
From history:
The study of parasites in the ancients is based on the study of feces and other petrified material. The first parasites found in humans were the Westerman paragonimus eggs from northern Chile, discovered in the hardened feces and dated about 5900 BC. There is. In Brazil there were also ankylostima eggs of 5000 BC. There is. , in Peru - Nematod Eggs from 2330 BC. There is. And the Egyptian mummies dating back to 2000, 1250 and 1000 years. A. C. e. They contained a soliter egg, together with a well -preserved female worm.
In Berlin, for the period 1866-1875. 16% of all open corpses contained worms of worms. The bull in a racial way (Taeniarhynchus Saginatus) was particularly widespread where raw cattle meat was eaten. In St. Petersburg, according to Kessler, 3, 66 % of the people investigated by him suffered from this parasite (1888). Pork Tekenia (Taenia Solium) is found everywhere in the areas where raw or semi-raw pork are eaten. In St. Petersburg at the end of the nineteenth century, about 3 % of the population suffered from this parasite. When they started avoiding the use of raw meat, the percentage of diseases decreased extremely, for example, in Denmark from 53 % to 20 % for 10-12 years. Dypilidium Caninum lives in the intestine of dogs and cats and rarely in the intestine of children. The cases of children's infection at the end of the nineteenth century were known from England, in Germany, Denmark: the infection occurs exclusively when the swallowed fleas.
Parasites and their discharge(Products of their life) are the strongest poisons for the human body. They cause serious acidification and thickening of the blood and the entire internal environment. Cause the most serious health disorders. From bronchitis to oncology. Destroy the psyche of a person, without peace and sleep. In the child's body, the parasites prevent the normal development of the child's nervous system and, with a long current disease, contribute to mental and physical retreat.
Classification
For distribution:
- Ubiquette - meet everywhere.
- Tropical - distributed in tropical climatic zones.
On biological and epidemiological characteristics:
- Geohelminths is a disease in which the helminths develop for the first time in the human body, and then on a non -living substrate, more often in the earth.
- Biohelminths is a disease in which an biological development cycle of elmininti must take place in the body of other living beings, with the exception of a person. Distinguishing between the final owners, in the body of which the helminths develop in the sexually mature phase, as well as the intermediate ones, in which the parasite is in the larva phase or its reproduction is not sexually. A person is more often the final owner, less often - intermediate.
- Contact the elmintiasis is a disease in which parasites are distinguished from the mature or almost mature human body, following which the infection of another person is possible or reinfection from himself (self-invasion, reinvasion).
Depending on the location of the parasite in the body:
- Lighting - Living in the cavity of the intestine and other cavities of a person (for example, ascarids, tapes).
- Fabric - Living in fabrics (systemis, ELINOKOKKOZ).
In the place of stay on the owner:
- External: mosquitoes, blind, leeches, lice.
- Internal(Helmicias):Round worms(Nematodi - Ascaridi, Filaria, Vlasov, Pinworms, Strungyloids, Ancrylostomidae, Trichinella);Dishes:
- Trematatodes (Saucers - Cat Bickelter (Opisthorchis), Cloner, Fasciola, Schistosomi);
- Cestodes (ribbon worms - Toro and Pork Tania, Nana tan, wide ribbon, Echinococcus).
- Bacteriosis(Leptospira, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Shigella).
- Protious(Amoebas, Giardia, Trichomonas, often the owners of Clamidia and the AIDS virus).
- Mycosis(Fungal diseases) - Candida, Cryptococcus, penicillium.
How do parasites enter the body?
Parasitism can be infected not only through dirty hands. Animal hair is a carrier of worms (ascaride and toxocara), Lamblia. Pinworm's eggs that have fallen from the wool remain vitality for a maximum of 6 months and through dust, toys, rugs, underwear and bed linen and the hands fall into the food tract. A dog through the wet breath disperses eggs at a distance of 5 meters (cat - up to 3 meters). Dog fleas also tolerate the worm eggs. Askarid eggs enter the body through vegetables, fruit, berries, vegetables, dirty hands and spread also for flies. And barbecue cooked erroneously or homemade lard is the path of infection with tricinellosis; Poorly salty fish, caviar - Opisthorchiasis and wide ribbon.
So, there are several ways to enter the body:
- food (through infected food, water, dirty hands);
- Contact-Household (through home articles, by members of the infected family, pets);
- Transmissible (through insects that exceed blood);
- Percutaneous or active (in which the larva penetrates through the skin or mucous membranes during contact with the infected soil, when bathing in open tanks).
Symptoms of parasites
It is not at all necessary that the infection manifests itself in some way. Sometimes a person feels healthy, despite the invasion, thanks to strong immunity. A little individual time will be healthy. Therefore, consequently, the extinction of immunity (a break can occur at any time, surgery, disease) - the silent parasitic signs will still begin to serve. This is an urine with a smell, acne on the skin, stubborn cough with clean lungs, unstable stools with pungent smell or constipation, gas formation, unpleasant smell from the mouth. The most specific manifestation of the presence of helminths in the body is bruxism (night touch of the teeth). Night approach, the usual nausea, the perversion of the appetite of night hunger, tireless hunger, dependence on sweet and acidic foods and the erutic air. Children have a decrease in appetite or electoral appetite. Sometimes people with increased appetite are found, but at the same time they lose weight.
General signs of parasitic invasions
Constipation, stagnation of bile
Some worms, due to their shape and large, can mechanically close the lumen of the intestine, the conducts of the biliary tract, which leads to a deterioration of peristalsis, to the formation of constipation, to the complete or partial intestinal obstruction. The invasion of Hlybon can cause the blocking of the common biliary duct, which leads to difficulties in the outflow of biliary mechanical jaundice.
Diarrhea
Numerous parasites, in particular the protozoan ones, produce substances similar to prostaglandins, which lead to sodium and chlorides for loss, which, in turn, causes diarrhea, frequent watery intestinal movements.
Gastric and intestinal discomfort syndrome
The parasites that live in the upper intestine cause inflammation and lead to interruptions of the intestine, swelling. This leads to a decrease in the absorption of nutrients. Consequently, the fats that should be absorbed in the small intestine fall into the colon, causing cramps, alternating constipation and diarrhea.
Joint pains and muscles
Parasites can move around the human body to settle in the most convenient places, for example in joint fluid and muscles. The positioning of the tissues is the result of injuries to their parasites or to the immune response of the body to their presence. At the same time, a person experiences muscle and joint pain.
Allergy
Parasites can interrupt the normal permeability of the intestinal mucosa, which increases the risk of penetrating large particles of non -digested food in them. This activates the immune response of the body - the level of eosinophilic - protective blood cells of our body, which contribute to the development of allergic reactions, increases. Parasites cause greater production by the body of immunoglobulin and, which improves allergic reactions.
Problematic skin
Intestinal parasites can cause allergic skin reactions - atopic dermatitis, urticaria, eczema. Very often, inflammatory changes on the skin can be the result of the presence of protozoa microorganisms (lamblia, mushrooms) and opisthorchis.
Changing body weight
Weight fluctuations (both more than normal and less) can be the result of a parasitic disease. The weight reduction is due to the fact that digestion is compromised in the body, since there is an "internal consumer". Obesity is also a consequence of the "robbery" of the human body with an elmintic invasion. The feeling of hunger occurs with a strong fall of blood sugar due to the activity of the helminths, their toxic effects on the body.
Anemia
Many types of intestinal helminths are attached to the intestinal wall, damaging it, causing a sufficiently blooded loss of blood, which leads to anemia.
Nervousness, sleep disturbance
The toxic substances of the vital activity of parasites irritate the central nervous system, causing an increase in anxiety and nervousness. The frequent awakening in the middle of the night, in particular between 2 and 3 hours, is also the result of the attempts of the body to get rid of toxic substances through the liver.
"Chronic fatigue syndrome"
The "chronic fatigue syndrome" includes weakness, reduction and fever without cause, emotional instability, loss of concentration and bad memory. These symptoms can be the result of anemia, intoxication, lack of nutrients in the body caused by parasites.
Having discovered family members of several symptoms, subjected to diagnostics on parasitism and conducted a deworming preventive treatment course.
Diagnostics
Recently, the presence of parasites was determined only with the duodenal sound method and the stool tests using microscopic studies, whose purpose is to detect selected eliminations or their fragments, eggs and larvae. The eggs and larvae of elmints parasites in the liver, biliary routes, pancreas and duodenum were found in bile and duodenal content; On the intestinal forms of Elmintie, they examined samples of feces; In the case of a suspicion of Paragonimoz, the expectoration has been studied and urine on parental manhitors. But the reliability of these studies depends on the professionalism of the employees, if the laboratory assistant will notice in the microscopic examination of the parasites. Furthermore, if the parasite has not postponed the eggs at the time the check is performed, its presence will also be unnoticed with high qualifications of the laboratory assistant. Often only with 8-10 attempts can you get a positive result.
Today, there are immunological studies that allow you to determine in the blood of a person infected the presence of antigens and antibodies to parasites of various kinds. The reliability of these analyzes depends on the life cycle of parasites and their quantity in the body.
The most vulnerable to the effects of parasites are children. They are infected with various types of parasites through dirty hands, sand, soil and water. Sometimes the child's infection can occur in the intrauterine, since the simplest bacteria, viruses, candida larvae and elminto can penetrate the fetus through the placenta with blood flow, as well as during birth through the birth channel.
Do not risk your children's health, conduct preventive deWorming courses.